To the Memory of Mr. Oldham Essay Example

To the Memory of Mr. Oldham Paper Oldies stanza, unpleasant and foul, In correlation o Dryness style makes one wonder, for what reason did Dryden need to pay tribute to an a lot more youthful and less cultivated writer? In the initial ten lines of the epitaph we can see that Dryden endeavors to build up the history between the two. Excessively little and too of late known , gives us that the two creators had Just as of late met and Whom started to think to call my own, discloses to us that John Dryden had begun to fancy John Lolled. This reality Is explained on by the sentence For sure our spirits were close to woman: and thing cast in the equivalent idyllic form with mine. Dryden says here cap their spirits were truly near one another and they were thrown from the equivalent beautiful shape. It is intriguing on Dryness part to state this when their styles were not all that comparable, Dryden being imaginative and streaming and Oldies style apparently coarse and less idea through. In any case, we are informed that they knew each other in the initial ten lines so we should take another course in deciding why Dryden needed to mourn Oldies passing. We will compose a custom paper test on To the Memory of Mr. Oldham explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on To the Memory of Mr. Oldham explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on To the Memory of Mr. Oldham explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In lines nine and ten we see that Dryden might be expressing that Lolled was a venturing stone in Dryness examines. Accordingly Minus fell upon the lippies place, while his young companion performed and won the race. This couplet lights up Dryness perspective. It appears that Dryden gained a little from John Lolled regardless of his young age, which most likely ascribes to Dryden loving Lolled, and this prodded Dryden on higher than ever, so he relates Oldies demise to Missuss fall and Dryden himself is the youthful companion who wins the race. In any case, it is not necessarily the case that Dryden utilized Lolled in a negative manner. In the legend, Minus was winning the race when he slipped in a pool of blood and fell; he at that point folded into the way off profit adversary with the goal that his companion could win the race. Along these lines, basically, he is stating that Lolled helped him to accomplish more noteworthy statures recorded as a hard copy and notoriety despite the fact that Lolled kicked the bucket, or fell. This presumably ascribes to the purpose behind John Dryden to compose the tribute to Lolled, be that as it may, the epitaph doesn't stop there. In lines ten through fourteen, Dryden contemplates on what more established age could have given Lolled regarding higher reasoning and accomplishment. This part Is kind of an unrealistic reasoning endeavor at considering what John Lolled would do In more established age. Dryden expresses that age may have given Lolled a refined tongue for his unforgiving and tough line. Another response to the explanation Dryden felt Like he owed a tribute to Lolled Is that he may have felt that John Lolled was a man before his time. In lines nineteen and twenty Dryden composes Thy liberal organic products, however accumulated ere their prime despite everything indicated a snappiness; and developing time. This implying the products of Oldies work, his verse and parodies, were full grown for Lolled. Additionally, In answer to ten to ten transports Dryden en utilizes ten words allele Ana shape, n s essentially contrasting himself with Lolled. This isn't odd in light of the fact that they have a similar birthday, and the two of them write in parody, Just various styles in parody. At the point when he keeps in touch with One basic note on either lyre did strike and blackguards and numb-skulls we both hated the same, Dryden is contrasting both he and Lolled with how artists are comparable when they play the lyre concerning their verse. In spite of the fact that, he scrutinizes Oldies sections in that he says thro the cruel rhythm of a rough line, a respectable mistake, and however only from time to time made, when writers are by an excess of power sold out. He is scrutinizing Oldies work here saying that his blunders are respectable and that he himself composes parody in better stanzas. The piece where he specifies the tough line most likely shows that Lolled is progressively distracted with the issue that is given as opposed to the way in which it is given. This view is communicated all the more obviously when Dryden composes But progresses what we keep in touch with the dull desserts of rhyme. Generally speaking, we see that John Dryden and John Lolled shared numerous things for all intents and purpose. They were the two artists, or humorists to be increasingly accurate, and the two of them had a similar moron. However Lolled was significantly less popular than Dryden and had achieved extensively short of what him, so this makes one wonder for what reason did Dryden feel the need to compose a tribute to him? As we have seen, Dryden feels that he was associated with Lolled, perhaps it is that they were the two humorists, possibly it is that Lolled blasted evil as opposed to lecturing uprightness and Dryden discovered this engaging. Or on the other hand perhaps, Dryden saw Lolled as an equivalent, not on an exacting level, yet on a figurative, by this I imply that Lolled composed parodies in a manner that was before his emulate seeing that he was just 30 at the hour of his passing. It is therefore, I accept, that Dryden feels he should at any rate perceive the youthful author with the goal that individuals may not overlook what could have been had not smallpox rashly finished Oldies life. He likens him with Marcella, the child in-law of the Emperor Augustus. Marcella kicked the bucket at an early age and he was grieved vigorously by the Roman populace, and Dryden utilizes this to pay tribute to Lolled who will more than likely not be grieved generally by the majority.

The Aboriginals People And Cultural Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Aboriginals People And Cultural. Answer: Presentation Not at all like most nations whose history is unmistakably recorded, most Australians have a scrappy comprehension of their indigenous customs of their countys first individuals. The Aboriginals individuals involved Australia before the Europeans showed up. The British were the principal individuals to show up in Australia as they were scanning for new settlements in the wake of losing America during the American Revolution. The main British armada of boats docked into Botany Bay on the eighteenth January 1788 however later moved to Sydney Harbor on 26th January. It is accepted that the principle motivation behind why the British searched out Australia was to decongest their country detainment facilities and to settle a portion of her exculpated residents. Similarly as with different states, Britain began by attacking the Aboriginals in expelling them from their territories, contaminating them with infections that their resistance couldn't battle prompting passings and power some of them into subjugation. Intrusion Subsequent to showing up in Sydney, Australia in 1788, the British did likewise they did with the American Indians. They constrained the Aborigines from the prolific grounds. All the while, numerous indigenous individuals were slaughtered as they attempted to oppose and to secure their properties. Numerous clans of the Aborigines ceased to exist totally in view of starvation. The food that they used to get uninhibitedly from their territory was not, at this point accessible. The opportunity to wander uninhibitedly in their territory was reduced ( Oxley Stewart, 2017). The individuals who endure were constrained into subjugation, ladies, and kids exposed to brutal working conditions doing everything as certain ladies were detained and utilized as sex slaves. The Aborigines were exposed to destitution and persevering conditions (Gammage, 2011). Social Aspects The Aborigines had their own social accepts some time before the British colonized them. The appearance of the British represented an extraordinary danger to their way of life. The British had an alternate impression of information, which was not the same as that of the British. The British accepted that their way of life was progressively better than that of the first inhabitants of Australia. They additionally had unique perspectives on how they saw information. (Behrendt, 2012) They totally cleared out the first instruction arrangement of the natives and supplanted it with their arrangement of training. They that an individual having their instruction was talented and thus reasonable to be utilized in their ranches. The Europeans minimized the natives to the degree that state-of-the-art history will in general disregard their commitment and effect on the Australian culture and customs. Over 90% of the natives passed on in view of starvation, ailments and capital punishments ( Oxle y Stewart, 2017). Wellbeing and Diseases Upon appearance, the British presented dangerous ailments that were not in Australia initially. The rush of scourge illnesses like smallpox, flu, and measles spread out quickly and destroyed numerous Indigenous people group, of which half of them were executed by smallpox (together, 2012). Ladies and young ladies who were detained as sex slaves additionally contracted destructive sexual transmitted sicknesses which slaughtered a large number of them and some tainting their life partners. As per Edward Wilson and Argus seventeenth March 1856, they composed we have tainted them with ailments which have spoiled the bones of their grown-ups and made such barely any kids as are conceived among them a distress and a torment from the exact moment of their introduction to the world. The greater part of the indigenous inhabitants of Australia passed on and most networks got wiped out from the essence of the earth. As most grown-ups kicked the bucket of sicknesses, youngsters passed on of lack of healthy sustenance and craving, as they had nobody to deal with them (Hill, 2006). Clashes The development of British settlements prompts opening of new provinces in Tasmania came about to consistent clashes between the neighborhood natives and the provincial experts. The result of these contentions was mass killings and monstrous demolition of property having a place with the natives. Rivalry for land and other characteristic assets that were accessible around then quickened the contentions between the British and natives. The primary explanation behind the opposition was to make more land for the pilgrims who were moving out of Britain to Australia. Chronicled reports show that slaughters of Indigenous individuals regularly appeared as mass shootings or driving gatherings of individuals off precipices. This was in an offered to lessen the quantities of the natives so Britain could misuse Australia with no obstruction (AIATSIS, 2009). End Australia was a key advantage for Britain has she required a spot that would oblige her residents that were at first living in the USA after the American Revolution. Also, in an offer to settle her detainees, Australia end up being a decent other option. The Aborigines issues started the second the main boat docked in Sydney. Remote maladies, steady clashes, mass killings, and outside culture immediately came in executing a large number of them. References Oxley, D., Stewart, H. M. (2017). Computerized panopticon. Recovered from https://www.digitalpanopticon.org/Convicts_and_the_Colonisation_of_Australia,_1788-1868 AIATSIS. (2009). Recovered from Aboriginal investigations Press: https://aiatsis.gov.au/investigate/articles/first-experiences and-boondocks struggle Behrendt, P. (2012). Indigenous Australia for Dummies. Wiley Publishing Australia Pty ltd. Gammage, B. (2011). The Biggest Estate on Earth. Slope, E. F. (2006). Colonialism in Australia. Recovered from Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line: https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/australia/slope ssi/chapter4.htm together, A. (2012). Australians together. Recovered from Colonization: https://www.australianstogether.org.au/find/australian-history/colonization/

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip How Will You Contribute

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip How Will You Contribute Several business schools pose questions about the unique contributions you can make to their particular programs. Many candidates unwittingly make the mistake of thinking that they have expressed their contribution by offering a bland, summary statement:  â€œand I will bring my leadership skills to Fuqua.”  One of the reasons we prefer to work with candidates “from start to finish” is so we can proactively prevent such problems. Simply relating a story about one of your past leadership experiences and then repeating the main point does not demonstrate that you will make a meaningful contribution to the school. Ideally, you want to go further, explaining how you would apply and use your experience while at the school, and thereby showing a true understanding of your fit with that particular program. Example 1:  â€œâ€¦thus my experience as a stand-up comedian will allow me to bring humor to the Kellogg environment.” With this statement, the admissions committee is left asking, “How exactly will this applicant bring humor to the environment? Does he really know what our environment is about?” In contrast, consider the following: Example 2:  â€œâ€¦.thus my experience as a stand-up comic will prove particularly useful at Kellogg, a dynamic environment where I will be constantly joining new and energetic study teams. I am hopeful that I can use my sense of humor to create more relaxed team environments, helping everyone feel comfortable contributing. However, I intend to use humor judiciously, such as offering an appropriately timed joke to diffuse tense moments during late-night study sessions.” In Example 2, the writer has applied his personal experience to the Kellogg experience, and has thereby shown a clear connection with the school, proving that he has a true identification with it and an accurate understanding of its nature. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

The Challenges Of Learning Disabilities - 894 Words

Challenges of Learning Disabilities There is a wide debate about whether workers with certain learning disabilities should be allowed to work in â€Å"regular jobs†. Some argue that only certain workers with learning disabilities may be allowed, so as they are self-regulated, meaning they are able to regulate their own behavior. Metacognition, understanding the strategies available for learning a task and what is needed to complete said task, is also recommended for the worker. It is agreed upon that a Specific Learning Disability is a disorder in one of the psychological processes involved with understanding/using language, spoken or written. However, the definition of a learning disability is argued amongst the special education community. Employers usually avoid those who have learned helplessness, a motivational term referring to a condition in which a condition believes that no matter how hard he/she tries, failure will result. There are many reasons why this topic is im portant to me. The biggest reason why I explored this topic is because there are so many people in the world that misunderstand people with learning disabilities, and they end up making fun of something because they do not understand. There are many challenges those with learning disabilities face in their adult years. The most common challenges those with learning disabilities face include employment, receiving higher education, and the trouble of early intervention. Starting with the most common problemShow MoreRelatedEssay about Placing English Language Learners in Special Education1182 Words   |  5 Pagescommonly known as ELL’s, are being placed in Special Education without being properly tested for a learning disability. However there are a large number of ELL’s with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability and are over looked. Many school districts have problems placing ELL’s. As a result these students end up in special education whether they have a learning disability or language impairment. Teachers are also indecisive when dealing with ELL’s. Most teachers recommendRead MoreStudents With Learning Disabilities Academic Needs Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the challenges that can occur within integrated classroom is students with learning disabilities academic needs are not being meet. For teachers to successfully enforce integrated classroom they need all the same resources a special education classroom receives for the students. What can occur unfortunately classroom population for teacher and student’s ratio is increasing, and can have a negative effect for student academic performance. For a classroom to be successful the classroom sizeRead MoreTypes Of Learning Disorders And Their Signs Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities and Disorders Types of Learning Disorders and Their Signs Could it be that your child struggles with school? Do you observe he or she avoiding reading out loud, tackling a math problem, or writing an essay? Certainly every child has trouble with homework from time to time, if a certain area of learning is consistently difficult, it might point to a learning disorder. By being knowledgeable on all you can about learning disabilities, you can make sure your child gets the adequateRead MoreThe Prevention Of Abuse Experience By People With A Learning Disability1377 Words   |  6 Pagespeople with learning on abuse which can be classified as phenomenon. Hewitt (2014) study was based on the prevention of abuse experience by people with a learning disability. The study focused on the prevalence of abuse, the planning and service development to prevent abuse. The study used relevant literatures and the abstract were related to the study. Furthermore, prominent emerging themes were discussed at the literature reviews such as prevalence of abuse in the learning disability populationRead MoreEssay about The Struggles Facing LD Students1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe Struggles Facing LD Students Students with learning disabilities are a part of the educational system and they always will be. These students have a single goal in mind, but their disability and social barriers keep them from it. On the other hand, educators have pledged to teach all students, but some fail to teach LD students. This represents an ethical, moral, and legal breakdown of their responsibilities. Educators need to be properly trained and aware of how to meet the needs of theseRead MoreChallenging Behavior in People With Learning Disabilities Through a Psychological Perspective887 Words   |  4 Pageswith learning disabilities through a psychological perspective which is behaviourism, and finally discuss how a social worker could address the issue by applying a psychological intervention or approach which will be behaviour modification. Valuing People (2001) recognises that learning disability can limit a person’s daily functions which can result in low status within the society where the person lives, producing social exclusion. Communicating can be difficult for people with learning disabilityRead MoreInstructional Strategies For Students With Intellectual Disabilities771 Words   |  4 Pagesinstructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process for elementary learners with intellectual disabilities. Students with intellectual disabilities poses a vast range of challenges to special education teachers when using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process in classrooms. Using the iPad as an instructional tool to enhance the teaching and learning process for students with intellectual disabilities requires many teaching strategies, most of whichRead MoreEssay about The Demands of Middle School Writing1471 Words   |  6 Pageswith information that is relevant and appropriate to audience, with a variety of sentences, and with a clear, vibrant tone and voice that engages the audience. (Louisiana Department of Education, 2008). Scholars from the Institute of Research on Learning at the University of Kansas (Schumacker Deschler, 2009), writing about the demands of writing for students stated: â€Å"according to their state standards, states are now requiring students to learn how to write a variety of sentence types, as wellRead MoreSOcial and Economic Development: Inclusion and Inclusive Education1133 Words   |  5 Pages People with disabilities are still at a severe disadvantage in terms of accessing education in many parts of the world, especially in Pakistan. World Health Organization (WHO, 1981) indicates that 10 percent of the population has some sort of disability, such as visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, physical disability, learning disability or multiple disabilities. Of these, only two percent have access to institutional facilities. If children with disabilities are to take theirRead MoreChildren With Disabilities And Disabilities Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesDisability is not inability is a common phrase many people understand today. In this regard, many have accepted that the people with disabilities have capacity to undertake some duties just like the other people, which can be seen in the increasing number of people with disabilities in institutions of higher learning as well as many working places. There are different forms of disabilities, some visible and others invisible. Although people with disabilities are incorporated in the general working

Analysis of Characters, Conflict, and Symbolism in “a...

Analysis of Characters, Conflict, and Symbolism in â€Å"A Good Man Is hard to Find† The story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is a fascinating story about a family traveling to Florida for a family vacation. The story’s main characters are the grandmother, the mother and a baby, the father Bailey, and the two children June Star and John Wesley. On this trip the family has a run in with the other characters The Misfit, Bobby Lee, and Hiram who are escaped convicts headed towards Florida. O’Connor uses literary elements such as flashback and characterization to explore what it means to be a good person. It appears as the only good person in the story is the person the grandmother becomes through her struggle with the Misfit. O’Connor seems to†¦show more content†¦The story seems to imply how the modern man becomes spiritual when faced with evil. The grandmother seems to be unconcerned with the rest of her family: â€Å"‘I know you wouldn’t shoot a lady!’†(441). She thinks she is a â€Å"lady† sh e shouldn’t be shot. The grandmother is self-centered; she did not even beg for the life of anyone in her family but her own. She is always the first to criticize everyone but never looks at herself in a critical manner. The conflicts in this story highlight the character’s nature. The main fiction element in O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† is symbolism. Most of the Symbolism in this story is masked behind a lot of foreshadowing: â€Å"They passed a large cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island†(371). The number of graves foreshadows the death of each family member. Five or six represents the uncertainty of whether at least one member of the family will survive or not. After the accident the family waits for someone to come help them, ironically The Misfit, Bobby Lee, and Hiram pull up in â€Å"a big black battered hearse-like automobile†(375). The Hearse by definition is a vehicle that carries a coffin to a funeral. So, this is another image of death forthcoming, which foreshadows the outcome of the family before The Misfit and his accomplices even get out of the car. In general symbolism is an important element in this short story; many times it

Influences on the Health of a Community - 1152 Words

Influences on the Health of a Community The health of a community is influenced by many factors including the social, cultural, and ethnic mix of the community, varying individual belief and moral systems, and the impact of political and economic factors to name a few. Strong social community associations, affiliations, and ties, within the interior of the community also influence the overall health of the community collective. Additional influences are the actual physical environment, surroundings, and available activities and resources of the community in which the citizens live, work, play, and perform all the other associated activities of daily life. Socioeconomics and the Spartanburg Community Spartanburg†¦show more content†¦In addition, in 2000 the Unites States Congress passed legislation creating the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities at the National Institute of Health which requires the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to report annually on our nation’s progress in reducing healthcare disparities (Lillie-Blanton, Maleque Miller, 2008). Socioeconomic status relates to health status. In the United States those with private insurance and Medicare tend to receive a higher and disproportionate part of the available healthcare services and resources, while those with Medicaid or no insurance receive a significantly lower number of services and resource options. A person’s socioeconomic status within the country and culture also greatly impacts not only the healthcare services received, but also the quality of the services provided (Shipman, Vant Hul Hooten, 2009). Effects of Economics on Healthcare Access The status of the national, state, and local economies significantly impact the availability and access to medical services and care, especially for those who lack private insurance coverage or the financial resources to pay. The recent and severe economic downturn experienced in the United States has greatly impacted those who depend on the payment of services through socially funded programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, asShow MoreRelatedHispanic Culture s Influence On Health Patterns And Behaviors Exhibited By The Community Essay988 Words   |  4 Pages Cultural, traditional, and religious values have an influence on health patterns and behaviors exhibited by the community. Hispanic culture is dominant due to the close proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border. Fifty-two percent of households use a language other than English at home (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Therefore, an understanding of Hispanic culture is necessary for health care workers to effectively care for patients in this community. Yuma County has been designated as a medically underservedRead MoreDiscuss How Hunger and Malnutrition Influence the Health and Development of Communities.Then Explain How Community Participation and National Political Commitment Can Help to Address the Effects of Hunger and Malnutrition2552 Words   |  11 Pagesmalnutrition influence the health and development of communities. Then explain how community participation and national political commitment can help to address the effects of hunger and malnutrition. Table contents 1. Introduction 2. Definitions of health, hunger and malnutrition 3. Effects of hunger and malnutrition and how the two concepts are linked 4. How community participation can address these effects 5. National Political commitment 6. Examples of community participationRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1282 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Community Conceptual Model Conceptual models are effective guides and tools used for nursing practice. They merge concepts and ideas providing a framework for how to think or demonstrate the elaborate connections between concepts, structures, or a system. They categorize existing interrelationships amid concepts into ways that can effectively direct actions and interventions. The objective of this paper is to define and examine the social ecology model and itsRead MoreEssay about Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing1093 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing NUR/405 University of Phoenix Material Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Event or Influence: 2001 No Child Left Behind Act Key health issues This law was signed into law by George W. Bush on January 8, 2002 (Frontline, 2013). This law is a check point or educational average that measures improvement or decline in student ability through grades 3-8 annually in math and readingRead MoreSocial And Social Factors Of The Five Levels In Public Health1005 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An ecological model looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors† (211). The major component of the ecological model is that it promotes how the individuals’ behaviors and choices are influenced by the five levels in Public Health. Each level is a target that helps with the spread of health promotion. The first level is intra personal factors, which is the smallest level of the five. ItRead MoreHealth Issues Of The Current Healthcare System825 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s mounting cost of healthcare, declining access , and variable quality, improving health care performance become a matter of national urgency. Nurses interact with patients and families, they are the first providers see how the healthcare system, effectively meet the patient needs. Nurses are also positioned to see the impact of healthcare policy on patients and the need of policy changes to address many health related issues (Abood, 2007). Nurses are knowledgeable about client needs and provideRead MoreThe Social Ecological Model ( Sem )1138 Words   |  5 Pagesthe SEM considers multiple levels of influence. At the core of the model lies the individual, with three levels of social influence surrounding -- representing interpersonal relationships, organizational/community influence, and governmental policy action (CDC, 2015). Social Ecology is an all-encompassing body of work that seeks to establish theoretical frameworks by considering the interrelations of people and their distinct environmental factors related to health and wellness (Stokols, 1996). TheRead MoreThe Role of the Community Health Nurse794 Words   |  3 PagesThe community health nurse faces many challenges that impact the health of communities. The community health nurse is adaptable and is able to provide care to a diverse group of patients with many different health needs. The community health nurse is a critical thinker, an advocate and has investigative abilities; they are educators (Meadows, 2009). Utilizing data on the morbidity and mortality of the community can facilitate the community health nurse in developing a health plan. A needs assessmentRead MoreHealth Policy : Allocative Policy Vs. Regulatory Policy1260 Words   |  6 Pagessociety today with the many changes in government control, insurance company influence, and actual delivery of healthcare services. In order to corral our healthcare system and ensure that there is quality control amongst all populations, health policies must be put in place. Health policy is d efined as many things due to its dynamic nature but the assigned text expresses a definition that encompasses all aspects of what health policy is for us today, â€Å"Authoritative decisions made in the legislativeRead MoreCommunity Conceptual Model1689 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity Conceptual Model Leonie Taylor-Brown, Kellie Durner, Diane Nims, Jessica O’ Hara NUR/544 August 25, 2014 Amy Weaver FNP Community Conceptual Model Milios framework for prevention was created as a complement to health belief model (HBM).   HBM is based on individuals avoiding disease, but has limitations, such as placing the burden of action on the patient (Nies and McEwen, 2011).   While Milio recognized these limitations, she continued the development of her framework

Thermal Aspects of the Refrigerated Vehicles Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Optimize Thermal Performance Of Refrigerated Vehicles In The Distribution Of Perishable Goods. Answer: Introduction The literature review has gone through a detailed research on the optimization of the thermal performances of the refrigerated vehicles which are required in the distribution process of a production unit. The perishable goods are always a matter of concern for the production department of an organization. However, the performance of the refrigerated vehicles can be measured with various mathematical and analytical models and the total quality control strategies need to be maintained in the systems of production (Pellicer et al, 2016). According to the studies of the production and inventory management, the temperature of the refrigerated products should be kept under control and the limits should be maintained in the production units (Novaes et al, 2015). This will ensure the optimum safety levels for the products and the product quality level will be enhanced. Along with that, the variation in the product temperatures along with the vehicles used in the production unit are presented by various non-linear functions (Techer et al 2014). In the traditional cargo distribution the vehicle optimization with the routing process is employed and the distribution problems of the vehicles are depended on) the Travelling Salesman procedures. The process of cargo unloading and the distribution influences the thermal aspects of the vehicles (Andreji?, Bojovi?Kilibarda, 2016). The thermal quality and other aspects are needed to be evaluated in the analysis of PCI (Process Capability Indices). However, the thermal aspects and the temperature does not vary with the time in a linear relation, thus a Simulated Annealing Algorithm is required for this purpose to get the solution in which the temperature can be maintained easily along with the travelling of the vehicles should be minimum in the production inventory (Benedito et al 2015). The production unit of an organization needs to ensure the quality of the production and the products along with the health safety levels by controlling the temperature all through the cold chain process. It is necessary to maintain the balancing situation over the refrigerated vehicles in the production floor. There are number of some factors which affect upholding of the eminence aspects and the perishability of the good during production (Kayansayan, Alptekin Ezan, 2014). The factors are such as the use of proscribed atmospheres throughout the cargo space or in the transit, the chemical treatments to control the physiological disorders and the heat treatments for that purpose. The packaging and handling systems influences the perishability of the foods items and the initial quality of the commodity also affects the perishability of those food items in the inventory. The temperature maintenance of the product during the distribution, storage and transit influences the perishabilit y too (Houdek et al 2014). However, the risk factors during the transit may influence the quality of these products and it may rapidly change in the storage and lead to quality losses. Thermal aspects of the refrigerated vehicles The thermal aspects of the refrigerated vehicles are controlled with the Process Control Indices and it serves the benchmarking elements to constitute the refrigerated transport systems. The use of PCIs ensure the minimum level of operating effectiveness by the system. The international ISO rules are compiled in the refrigerated freight transport (Kolda et al, 2014). There are many countries who have their specific rules regarding the refrigerated freight transport. Every country use to serve some specific legislations for the temperature control requirements for the inventory management of the production units in that country. The storage and the transport of perishable goods are taken care with some strict guidelines to the industrial aspects. However, the hygiene of the food products are major requirements in this process. Thus, the temperature maintenance should be adequately controlled and monitored. The Australian Government has put some regulation regarding this purpose. The regulation states that, the refrigerated vehicles need to have adequate cooling facility to equipoise the heat load permeated through the insulated body (Kinnear, Rose Rolfe, 2015). Along with that, it should have some extra capacity for the heat leakage purposes. The rules of the extra cooling capacity is states as a percentage of 25% (Dalk?l? et al 2015). However, the extra capacity can be stated to increase up to 200% for the trucks which have around 31 to 35 doors opening in a day. The reservation of the power depends on the time based deterioration of the insulation of the body of such vehicles along with the refrigeration plants. The heat of respiration during the transportation should produce the extra cooling capacity is there is a necessity to eliminate the deforestation heat (Laguerre, Hoang Flick, 2013).In some cases, it is seen that, the 6-9 years old refrigerated vehicles shows a increase in energy consumption along with CO2 emissions. Thus, the refrigeration equipments of the vehicles are required to the operated reliably. Analysis of the Thermal Performance The models that discourse the evaluation of the heat and the mass transference during the time of transport can be divided in that factors which regard as the atmosphere of the transport unit and concentrate on the temperature of the products. Some of the models combine such aspects top deal with transportation. However, the fluctuations in the ambient condition, door openings and the loading of the product also influence the maintenance of the temperature of the products which are transported. There are few other models too that specifies the effects of the transportation temperatures on the food safety parameters (Li, Hwang Radermacher, 2017). In a research, it is found that, the models of the fluid dynamics and the techniques of the analysis of airflow in cold environments are used for the purpose of the control on the temperatures of the foods and the management of the refrigerated vehicles. The main purpose of controlling the temperature is stated as to decrease the microbial growth and the increase in quality (Muratore et al, 2015). The studies on the refrigerated vehicles enlisted that, there are few conditions which should be adopted by various production and inventory units to limit the losses and falls in the quality of foods. In the short distanced transportation the refrigerated products are observed with more efficiency.In such cases the pre-established limits can be maintained easily and the quality controls can be implemented successfully. For this purposes, the focus should be given to the logistics application and the theoretical models can be employed to implement the dynamic nature of the TQM (Fikiin et al, 2017). The technical data should be allowed by the thermal laboratory tests and the in-the-field aspects of the behavioral characteristics should be considered in such situations. The accuracy in the data analysis for this purpose is needed to be given more preferences since the rigid technological and experimental controls are necessity for the maintenance of the refrigerated vehicles (Defraeye et al, 2016). In the context of the thermal performance there are various problems arise due to the mishandling and the misconducts of the time-temperature indicators. However, the situation can be overcome with the proper TTI (Time- Temperature Indicators) evaluations aligned with the cold chain process. According to the studies, one of the most systematic attempts in the prediction of the temperature of the refrigerated vehicles and the foods during the transit and multidrop is the CoolVan Research programme. It is a kind of software which is established by the Food Refrigeration and Process Engineering Research Centre at the University of Bristol, UK to implement the systematic distribution in the transportation of the refrigerated vehicles and the units. Process Capability Indices for the Assessment of the TTI data The Process Capability Indices (PCI) are the numerical elements which are used to compare the characteristics of a production. Values of such indices are equated with a large or small pre-established level along with the present requirements. The PCI are used in the statistical control of the control of the process quality and the productivity. However, the indices are convenient since it reduces the complexity of the information in a single value or number. The application of the PCI is related with the TTI values and the presentation is regarding the distribution of the data collected for the parameters of the temperature. Capability Indices According to studies, the capability indices are required to relate the process parameters to the engineering specifications. This relative aspects may include the bilateral tolerances and the target value may or may not be used for this purpose (Gowreesunker, Tassou Raeisi, 2014). Normal Data The capability indices are such dimensionless measures which can be easily understood for the purpose of quantifying the process quality in a production. During the application, the observed variable is temperature with x parameter inside the vehicle. Along with that, a distribution passage of frozen food products is used for the same purpose. The mean m and the standard deviation are also measurable parameters in this purpose. If there are two sided specification limits for the observed temperature parameter x, the four capability indices are used for this purpose namely Dp, Dpm, Dpk and the Dpmk (Chen Zhang, 2014). The definition of the Dpindex is as Dp = (USL LSL) / 6 The purpose of adopting the Dp index is to take control of the production process. The aim of the use is to make the index as larger as possible. The variable x is supposed to be normally distributed and the mean m is equalized to the specified targeted value xT. The coefficient of Dpis defined as the ratio of the tolerance spread and the actual spread of the process. There are few indication for the index which directs the calculation towards the perceived results of the process control (Aslam et al, 2013). If Dp 1, it indicates that the process does not meet the limits. If Dp 1, it indicates the fitted temperature variation in the indicated limits. If 1Dp 1.33, it indicates that there is some probability for the process to meet the limits. This situation need to be taken for serious attention in the process. If Dp33, it indicates that the process is fully accomplished. The six-sigma coverage here represents the data base with normal distribution along with the spread of 99.73%. Along with that, the Dp1.33 situation represents the eight sigma coverage and it practically covers the spread of 100% with in the similar circumstances. In some practical cases the process is not centralized with the targeted value xT. However, the drawbacks in the process can be avoided with the index Dpk that is defined as Dpk = min { Along with that, the Dpm can be used to consider the difference between the mean m and the target value xT. Dpm = However, the sample estimators can be used for the calculation of the above indices. Non-Normal Data There are few approximated methods for the evaluation purpose of the non0normal situations in the production process. The suggested methods for this purpose reflects the accurate numbers in the sample of the non-conforming items. Through these methods, the Process Capability Indices values can be adjusted according to the degree of skewness of the population taken in this purpose. The specific factors in the computation of the deviations and the mean may vary during the adjustments of the Process Capability Indices(Chen Zhang, 2014). However, these methods are grounded on the idea of dividing the into upper and the lover deviations such as U and L. The division can be represented with the dispersions of the upper and the lower sides around the value of the mean m respectively. The asymmetric probability density function F(x) should be approximated with the two formulae such as And Here, the same means are used but the standard deviation are different as 2Uand 2L. Along with that, the function G represents the standard normal pdfs with the upper and lower bounds. The upper and the lower bounds of F(x) are approximated with the functions F1(x) and the F2(x)respectively. The values of the standard deviations can be computed as U= Px and L = (1-Px) , where Px = Pr { x m} In the evaluation of the process control and the quality, the non-normal data can be calculated with the capability indices as similar with the normal data(Aslam et al, 2013). The formulae for the calculation of the indices are as follows Dp = min { Dp = min { = min { Setting Cx as equals to 1+ ?1 2Px ?, the above expression can be simplified as Dp =*(1/Cx) Here, the (1/Cx) is a corrective coefficient due to the skewness of the distribution of parameter x. Along with that, the value of the Dpk should be corrected for the skewness and this can be estimated as below The upper and the lower capability indices can be defines as DpkU = = .(1) DpkL = = . (2) Using the above two equation the PCI of the parameter of the temperature x can be formulated with the both sided specifications as Dpk =min {DpkU, DpkL} = min { (3) In the above equations 1 and 2, the 2Uand 2Lare used in the place of the standard deviation to reflect the degree of skewness in the distribution of the parameter x. The underlying distribution of x is symmetric and the value of the Px is equals to 0.5. However, the distribution is skewed then the value of the Dpkwill became smaller than the value of. The estimation of the values of the Dpand Dpk can be performed along with the calculation of the mean of the population, the standard deviation of the sample and the probability of the parameter x in this purpose. Let, the n values of the temperature parameter x be x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 xn. The mean of the sample be msand the standard deviation of the sample be s. The probability of the parameter be P(x) which can be estimated with (number of observation ms). That is, P(x) msxi ), where the for x 0. Then the Dpk can be evaluated by the substitution of ms, s and P(x)for the m, and Pxin the equation 3. The fourth capability index Dpmkis used when the mean m departs from the targeted value of the parameter xT. In this application, there is target value only if there are the USL and the LSL used. Consequently the Dpkindex is adopted (Chen, Yang Chen, 2015). Conclusion In the production floor, the temperature of the food items largely determines the rate of the microbial activities which can be the cause of the spoilage of the most of the fresh food products. Along with that, lack of continuous monitoring of the temperature can hamper the distribution of the units. Such interruption during the transit and control can lead to the deterioration of the quality of products during the production process. The required product temperatures are needed to be maintained from the production to the consumptions stages. References Andreji?, M., Bojovi?, N., Kilibarda, M. (2016). A framework for measuring transport efficiency in distribution centers. Transport Policy, 45, 99-106. Aslam, M., Wu, C. W., Azam, M., Jun, C. H. (2013). Variable sampling inspection for resubmitted lots based on process capability index Cpk for normally distributed items. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(3), 667-675. Crcel, J. A., Benedito, J., Cambero, M. I., Cabeza, M. C., Ordez, J. A. (2015). Modeling and optimization of the E-beam treatment of chicken steaks and hamburgers, considering food safety, shelf-life, and sensory quality. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 96, 133-144. Chen, C. P., Zhang, C. Y. (2014). Data-intensive applications, challenges, techniques and technologies: A survey on Big Data. Information Sciences, 275, 314-347. Chen, K. S., Yang, S. L., Chen, H. T. (2015). Process improvement capability index with costA modeling method of mathematical programming. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 39(5), 1577-1586. Dalk?l?, A. S., Celen, A., ebi, A., Wongwises, S. (2016). Effect of Refrigerant Type and Insulation Thickness on Refrigeration Systems of Land and Sea Vehicles. Strojnikivestnik-Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 62(4), 252-259. Defraeye, T., Nicolai, B., Kirkman, W., Moore, S., van Niekerk, S., Verboven, P., Cronj, P. (2016). Integral performance evaluation of the fresh-produce cold chain: A case study for ambient loading of citrus in refrigerated containers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 112, 1-13. Fikiin, K., Stankov, B., Evans, J., Maidment, G., Foster, A., Brown, T., ... Alvarez, G. (2017). Refrigerated warehouses as intelligent hubs to integrate renewable energy in industrial food refrigeration and to enhance power grid sustainability. Trends in Food Science Technology, 60, 96-103. Gowreesunker, B. L., Tassou, S. A., Raeisi, A. H. (2014). Numerical study of the thermal performance of well freezer cabinets. In Proceedings of the 3rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, London. Houdek, P., Rajtmajer, V., Kolda, M., Kopecka, M., Hegar, M. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/268,239. Kayansayan, N., Alptekin, E., Ezan, M. A. (2014). Flow and thermal characteristics of airflow inside a refrigerated container. International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Kinnear, S., Rose, A., Rolfe, J. (2015). Emissions reporting in the Australian road freight transport sector: is there a better method than the default option?.International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 9(2), 93-102. Kolda, M., Kopecka, M., Hegar, M., Rajtmajer, V., Houdek, P., Forejt, L., Ghiraldi, A. (2014). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/888,652. Laguerre, O., Hoang, H. M., Flick, D. (2013). Experimental investigation and modelling in the food cold chain: Thermal and quality evolution. Trends in Food Science Technology, 29(2), 87-97. Li, G., Hwang, Y., Radermacher, R. (2017). Cold Thermal Energy Storage Materials and Applications Toward Sustainability. In Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming (pp. 67-117). Springer International Publishing. Muratore, G., Restuccia, C., Licciardello, F., Lombardo, S., Pandino, G., Mauromicale, G. (2015). Effect of packaging film and antibrowning solution on quality maintenance of minimally processed globe artichoke heads. Innovative Food Science Emerging Technologies, 31, 97-104. Novaes, A. G., Lima Jr, O. F., Carvalho, C. C. D., Bez, E. T. (2015). Thermal performance of refrigerated vehicles in the distribution of perishable food.PesquisaOperacional,35(2), 251-284. Pellicer, E. L., Garca, J. B. A., Marn, V. M., Albesa, B. (2016). Procedure for Optimization of a Modular Set of Batteries in a High Autonomy Electric Vehicle Regarding Control, Maintenance and Performance. In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2016 (pp. 239-251). Springer International Publishing. Techer, C., Baron, F., Delbrassinne, L., Belad, R., Brunet, N., Gillard, A., ...Andjelkovic, M. (2014). Global overview of the risk linked to the Bacillus cereus group in the egg product industry: identification of food safety and food spoilage markers. Journal of applied microbiology, 116(5), 1344-1358.

Student Essays - Human Behavior, Behavior, Personal Life, Emotions

Student SD 1 The Storm Since the beginning of time, men and women have felt passion for each other. As time has past, many authors have written about the overwhelming feelings that can occur between humans and the power of lust. It is the search for pleasure, for feeling alive, and for feeling like a passionate human being. Kate Chopin describes these emotions in The Storm a story that can be compared with similar themes of today. First, after many years of marriage, couples might lose the feelings of passion they have in the beginning of the relationship. Couples still love each other, but their lust is transformed into a compassionate partnership. In The Storm, Calixta's sexuality is repressed by the constrains of her marriage and society's view of women. The absence of lust makes a person become unaware of her sexuality and instinctive drive. The animalistic drives become dormant, and some might become satisfied living without these feelings. The satisfaction once known may seem to become forgotten and unimportant. An awakening of these feelings can make a person experience a storm within. The storm creates a sense of excitement, and controlling her feelings can be hard. The amount of time that these feelings have been repressed can effect the intensity of the storm. Second, today's impersonal societies have made it easier and more acceptable to be unfaithful while in a relationship. For example, today's media is centered on love triangles. SD2 It is not uncommon for a story today to have a plot, which is focused on unfaithful relationships, in contrast to the fifties when tv and radio portrayed perfect couples and families. During the author's time in the late nineteen-centur, divorce was practically unheard of. Couples who divorced were seen as outcasts of society whose laws were built on Biblical foundations. According to The Bible, divorce should only follow adultery. Today a first marriage is rarely accepted to last. One cause might be the lack of religious commitment; another might be the equal rights laws, which allow women to have social standing. Third, a major factor for infidelity to occur depends on the situation at hand. During colonial times, couples spendt more time together. Very rarely did the husband venture out alone unless he was getting supplies, trading, or out on a hunt. During these events it was the woman's job to take care of the house and the children, and, therefore she stayed at home. In today's society travel is more common. Men and women both partake in long business trips, making their separation more routine. For example, a man going on a business trip might have a mistress in his city of destination, while back at home his wife is taking this time to meet her lover. Another example can be the separation of men and women in social gatherings. A girl might tell her boyfriend that she is going out with her friends while she is actually going out to meet other guys. These examples give meaning to the proverb,When the cat is away, the mice shall play. SD3 With the creation of man came the creation of lust and infidelity that has been with man from the beginning of time and will follow to the end of time. Humans are hedonistic creatures, meaning they seek pleasure. Many people attempt to find pleasure outside a relationship, when in fact the true emotions can be found within Bibliography DS4 Work Cited Chopin, Kate The Storm. Literature: An introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Ed. Patricia Rossi. New York, New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. 272-295.

Colombia Revolt essays

Colombia Revolt essays UP AGAINST THE WALL, MOTHER******! THIS IS A STICK-UP! Perhaps nothing upset our enemies more than this slogan. To them it seemed to show the extent to which we had broken with their norms, how far we had sunk to brutality, hatred and obscenity. Great! The New York Times put forward three interpretations of the slogan, the only one of which I remember is the one which had to do with putting the administration up against the wall before a firing squad-apparently our fascistic final solution. The truth is almost as bad: the slogan defined Grayson Kirk, David Truman, the Trustees, many of the faculty, and the cops as our enemies. Liberal solutions, restructuring, partial understandings, compromise are not allowed anymore. The essence of the matter is that we are out for social and political revolution. Mark Rudd - SDS Columbia Chapter Chairman and one of the leaders of the Strike In the spring of 1968 students at Columbia University participated in a controversial series of demonstrations designed to disrupt the ongoings at the university. The Columbia Revolt was original and unique at this point in history. It was the most bold and disruptive protest up until that time. It was the first at an Ivy League institution. It led the way for many protests at universities during the era. It represented the spread of student opposition to the war and racial injustice. It also represented the growing cynicism students felt about whether or not change would actually happen within the political system (May 1). The protest thus resulted in a more disruptive form of protest designed to really stir things up at the All-American college campus. This protest was a message to the American people that the future super elite were willing to reject their place in the world in order to make change. It was a higher level of aggressiveness for the movement of the time, i t was a higher level of student protestor tha...

Case One (Stephen) (Refusal of treatment) Essay

Case One (Stephen) (Refusal of treatment) - Essay Example It will also be important to examine case law in this area to see when the courts have overridden the wishes of an individual and how this has been achieved. Through examining case law and with reference to legislation it should be possible to determine whether a doctor would have the power to override Stephen’s refusal of treatment. As there is no mention of the age of Stephen or whether he has any mental health issues, it will be necessary to consider the impact of the Children Acts and the Mental Health Acts, to determine whether these would assist Stephen in his refusal or whether a doctor would be entitled to force him to have treatment, irrespective of his wishes. The issue of consent has been encompassed into Art 5 and 8 of the Human Rights Acts (1998) (HRA), with the intention of giving respect to the autonomy of the patient. It has been noted by researches that doctors in general see consent as a legal requirement (Kessel, 1994). Human rights supporters have argued th at the protection offered to adults should also apply to mature minors, which appears to have been addressed to a minor degree within the HRA (Hagger, 2003). In order for consent to be recognised as valid the principle of informed consent has developed. Informed consent centres on the giving of sufficient information to a patient with regard to the complications that might ensure following the treatment, so that they can make an informed decision about the treatment. Actions for negligence have been successful in cases where the patient did not give informed consent (Faden and Beauchamp, 1986). An example of this is Sidaway v Bethlem RHG and others [1984]1, in which the patient had not been told of all the potential risks of the operation, and would not have given consent if they had known of these risks. Davis (2005) has argued that there should be a change in the law in relation to such matters, and that patients should be given the option as to how much information they would lik e to know about the procedure. Implied consent has occurred in situations where a patient has willingly allowed the medical professional to administer medication or injections. However, implied consent can be problematic as simple attendance at the surgery or hospital does not mean that the patient is consenting to treatment. Autonomy is important in the decision making process and many legislative changes have been made in order to ensure the autonomy of the patient. Researchers such as Faden and Beauchamp (1986) believe that a patient has to be fully informed of the probable outcomes of the treatment in order to reach an autonomous decision. They were concerned that on some occasions persuasion and coercion might be used by the medical profession or the family of the patient to appeal to the patient’s sense of reason. Internationally the Nuremberg Code 1947 and the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki 1964 have been established as a means of increasing patient autonomy. As mentioned earlier the HRA has also enshrined protection of the rights of adults and adolescents into the Articles, thereby increasing autonomous levels (Hewson, 2000). Many of the issues surrounding autonomy have been centred on the rights of the child, as evidenced by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1991 where the aim was to give children the same rights as

Van Creveld. Fate of the State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Van Creveld. Fate of the State - Essay Example This however, changed when in the rise of modernity; monarchs emerged and slowly took over power and authority from the local lords. The emergence of the monarchs therefore, laid a foundation for nation-states. In the 19th-Century, the modern nation-state, which is integrated, was established first in the European world. However, the 1648 peace of Westphalia is the most important aspect in the establishment of the nation-state, as it allowed for the sovereignty of the nation-state. The nation-state today is on the verge of decline, because of the forces of globalization and devolution, which have reduced its sovereignty. The nation-state was considered the dominant social entity in the world starting the mid-19th Century, as the state and society were virtually merged to become one entity. However, many changes happening in the world have led to changes in the dominance of the nation-state as the most influential social entity. The cultural revolution that began in the West had a gre at influence on the nature of the nation-state. Other important factors that affected the nation-state include the international communist movements, increased freedom of capital transfer across international borders, and political, social, and economic dysfunction in former colonies of Asia and Africa. By the beginning of the 1990’s, the role of the nation-state was reduced due to different global forces (Creveld, 1999). The future of the nation-state is uncertain today. There are different factors that have been responsible for the diminishing importance of the nation-state. These are globalization and transnationalism, and devolution. Globalization has led to the breaking down of national boundaries, as different countries can now interact economically, socially, and politically. Globalization has paved way for transnationalism, and it is anticipated that in future, there might be a transnational government. Transnationalism today occurs at the political level. Internation al organizations such as the World Trade Organization and the United Nations are responsible for transnationalism, as they provide economic security and military protection to a variety of vulnerable countries. On the other hand, the European Union has broken down all national boundaries in its member states, paving way for high levels of interaction (Creveld, 1999). Devolution has been adopted by various nations today. This grants power and authority to the local government and not the central government. This is why the process is called devolution, as power is taken away from the central government, and given back to the local government. When the central government, which is core of the state, loses power, the sovereignty of the state reduces. If these trends of globalization and devolution persist, there are possibilities that a transnational government will replace the nation-state. However, only time will tell what the future holds for the nation-state (Creveld, 1999). Accord ing to Creveld (1996), the capability of the state to fight others for self-defence is on the decline. This is a proof that the function of the nation-state is slowly fading. Initially, defence was among the main reasons for the formation of the nation-state. Failure to perform that today is a clear indication of its decline. The events of French Revolution in the 18th Century and industrial revolution sparked transnationalism, which is responsible today for the decline of the nation-st

Penn Square Bank & Down Corning Bankruptcy Essay Example for Free

Penn Square Bank Down Corning Bankruptcy Essay According to Norm Bowie, â€Å"sometimes being moral enhances the bottom line rather than reduces it† (Hartman, 2005, p108). Unfortunately, in the instances of Penn Square Bank and the Dow Corning bankruptcy, that may not have been the case. The following will examine the particulars of these situations and discuss the ethical issues present for each. Penn Square Bank Penn Square Bank was a small bank that played a large role in the Oklahoma banking crisis of the early 1980s. In an effort to maximize on the profits of the booming oil industry, the upper management of Penn Square Bank cut corners in several areas of its new lending division. Documentation to support million-dollar loans became lax. Collateral valuation and revenue recognition was severely over estimated without verification of the documentation to support such claims. Loan contracts were with casual deals and unspecific terms. Credit was extended based upon unverified personal letters paid for by the client. These documentation errors led to loans not properly secured (Caskey, 1985). In addition, Penn Square was more and more money, which facilitated errors in revenue recognition as the bank accepted over estimated valuation claims without requiring loan or interest payments. Thus, on paper the bank looked successful without ever possessing the funds to support its lending endeavors. Finally, credit was extended without true verification of asset valuation or proper documentation, and re-extended when the client could not produce the payments necessary to support the lofty loans (Caskey, 1985). Each of Penn Square Bank’s actions represents a form of financial statement fraud, which led to its downfall in 1982. According to Fraud Examination, there are three ways to deter financial statement fraud: (1) reduce the pressure to commit the fraud, (2) reduce the opportunity to commit the fraud, and (3) reduce the rationalization of the fraud (Wells, 2005). However, in this instance, most if not all of the fraud committed can be attributed to demanding goals set by Penn State Bank owner, Bill Jennings. As explained by Hartman, the â€Å"driving force† of â€Å"profit maximization† created a business environment to facilitate fraud (2005). Because profit was the sole motivator, documentation was inadequate, collateral valuation and revenue recognition was overstated, and credit extension was unverified and inferior. Instead,  Penn Square Bank should have considered the following measures: †¢An oversight or review board should be been established to oversee verification of credit or collateral valuation and determine the risk associated with each loan. †¢Documentation requirements should have been heavily enforced and maintained by the review board. †¢Contract and loan deals should have been regulated to the office with strict documentation requirements. †¢Disclosures should have been made regarding the lack of loan and interest payments. †¢Asset valuation and revenue recognition should have been accurately portrayed to investors, clients, and potential buyers. †¢Upper management should have established company ethical standards and enforced these standards with strict consequences for violation without exception. Unfortunately, all the measures to deter fraud that should have been considered were undermined by the owner’s overwhelming demand for success. Thus, Jennings’ need to maximize profits and increase sales created the pressure, opportunity, and rationalization to commit each action of fraud. Dow Corning Bankruptcy Dow Corning Corporation is the big name in silicone and silicone-based material production. But in 1995, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to protect itself from lawsuits regarding their silicone-based breast implants. Some advocated that the action was an effort to â€Å"avoid compensating women for their injuries† (Book review, 1996, p7). However, according to Hartman, Chapter 11 bankruptcy is intended to protect companies from creditors while it undergoes restructuring in an effort to stave off liquidation. By doing so, the company continues business, pays taxes, and provide jobs but is allowed time to reorganize to triumph over its economic hardship (Hartman, 2005). The ethical challenge is to use Chapter 11 as it is intended – as a restructuring tool to avoid losing everything – rather than file for Chapter 11 as a way of cheating its creditors out of owed money. Hartman suggests that what is ethical in regard to bankruptcy is to go beyond what the laws require and uphold the debt agreements made with creditors (Hartman, 2005). Dow Corning seemed to have that same perspective. Nine years later the company emerged from bankruptcy after settling the lawsuits for a payout of $3.3 billion over the next 15 years (Arndt, 2004). During the time under Chapter 11, the company reorganized  itself to refocus silicone production to develop fabrics, materials, and pharmaceutical products (Arndt, 2004). These sales and expanding markets will help Dow Corning to pay its debts to the 300,000 women named in the settlement (Sissell, 2004). Thus, Dow Corning is Chapter 11 bankruptcy free but still upholding its ethical obligation to the wronged party and its creditors. Although Dow Corning’s actions following the Chapter 11 emergence was ethically sound, its actions leading to the filing was anything but. Problems with Dow Corning’s silicone breast implants began as early as 1984 when they lost a lawsuit claiming the implant caused medical illness such as autoimmune disease. During the investigation for this lawsuit, lawyers found evidence showing Dow Corning executives were aware of complaints from doctors, concerns about the lack of long-term testing, and cases of the implant bursting during surgery. In addition, the study that supposedly proved the effectiveness and safety of the product revealed detrimental long-term effects on the animals under experimentation (Book review, 1996). However, throughout all the breast implant concerns, Down Corning continued to advocate the safety of their product going as far as to hire high profile and extremely expensive teams of legal and public relations specialists. In addition, allegations were present of executives attempting to destroy damning internal documents suggesting upper management was trying to cover up its liability in the claims. The 1984 lawsuit found Dow Corning guilty of fraud and deceit stating the company provided inferior and incomplete information by understating the risks to make an informed decision (Book review, 1996). More important, it revealed the unethical behavior of the executives and company as a whole.

A Mothers Biggest Fair :: Essays Papers

A Mothers Biggest Fair One spring afternoon a mother met her greatest fear head-on. Crystal Beck and her three-year-old son Travis were shopping for a new spring and summer wardrobe at a local mall. The mall was very hectic for the middle of the afternoon and to make matters worse Crystal had forgotten her sons stroller at home after taking him for a walk earlier that day. She had told her inquisitive son to say by her side. After visiting a few stores Crystal began to notice that Travis was becoming very anxious. So she made the decision to finish her son’s shopping in JC Penney at the far end of the mall, the two made their way to the children’s clothing section located on the third floor. As Crystal searched through the cluttered racks looking for the perfect outfits for her son, still glancing back at Travis who was looking through a bin of stuffed toys. She looked back to the rack for a split second to find the size she needed, and when she looked back up to check on her son he was gone. Crystal began calling his name, waiting for a response, no response ever came. She called again, but louder this time â€Å"Travis, where are you?† With every call for her son her heart began to beat fast and harder inside of her chest. She could feel herself beginning to tremble and shake, her vision became gray and distorted, she then began running though the store call her son and crying uncontrollably. A salesperson stopped her to try to calm her down and find out what had happened. Crystal explained to her still crying and shaking what had happened. The salesperson assured her not to worry, that he would be found. The girl notified security for the store, they brought Crystal to their office and asked for a description of the boy. She told them that he was a three years old boy, with blonde hair and blue eye, and standing 36 inches in height. He was wearing a blue baseball cap, a red long sleeved shirt, blue jeans, and a pair of white Reebok sneakers. When she was done with the description of her son the security officer offered her a glass of water, but she refused it. Her stomach felt as if there was a solid piece of metal lying at the bottom of it.

Bullying and the effects on the individuals Essay

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain what is bullying and the consequences of bullying. Bullying is where the bullier intentially causes physical harm or emotional stress to the victim. Bullies are angry and aggressive and dominate their victims and choose their targets by weakness and vulnerability and the victim is non dominant and usually does not fight back. There are severe warning signs that this is not a normal behavior and usually starts as a child and can still be a behavior done in adulthood. There are four different types of bullying and several descriptive behaviors. Bullying can lead to severe self-esteem issues. Aggressive behavior, dominant individual who abuses power by threating less dominant individual. Behavior is repeated or has potential to become repetitive over time. Bullying includes making threats spreading rumors, attacking someone or seclusion. This can be in person or anonymously by being a cyber-bully. This is important because bullying or being bullied appear to indicate that something is wrong and children who experience bullying either as aggressor or a victim need help. Bullying start as a child and without help it can grow into a big issue to deal with as an adult. Types There are three most common types of bullying and numerous tactics used when targeting their victims. Bullies intend to harm their victims with power imbalance. Power imbalance is crucial for the bully because their victim  cannot defend themselves. Power difference can be age, size, or strength. The victim as a result can feel weak, small, vulnerable, scared and dumb. There is typically more than one time that the bully will attack there same victim. Weather it is the same act or different behaviors on the victim. The third aspect on bully behaviors is the intentions to cause harm another person. The bully harasses people on purpose. Their behavior is not a â€Å"joke† or accident. The victim feels embarrassed, ashamed, angry, or scared. There are different forms of bullying; physical, verbal, cyber and relational aggression. Physical involves hitting, kicking, pushing, tripping, stealing or breaking property. Verbal abuse hurts the victim emotionally with words. Name calling, threating, yelling, intimidation and laughing. Relational uses other people to hurt their victims. This is more hurtful to some people because their friends are talking behind their back. The bully spreads rumors and gossip around. The last form is cyberbullying which is done with improved technology. This can be over the internet, email, text or social media. The bully can interact relational and verbal forms. Name calling, insults and lies or threats can lead to physical harm to the victim. This can happen 24/7 and anonymously. So it is harder to find out who is the bully. There are many influences that the bully has and that is the reason why the bully has certain behaviors. Gender, orientation, environment, family problems, race or developmental problems. The bully usually has anger issues and experiences some type of abuse. The person takes out their feelings on someone who can or will not fight back. The bully may be physically and verbally abused by parents or older siblings. So when they are around someone who is not a threat they tend to do the same abuse to the victim to feel superior and worthy. The parents may have substance abuse, emotional issues, low self-esteem, single parent household and many other reasons. The family is not connected and bad communication. Lack of rules may also play a role. The victims have low self-esteem because they feel powerless. They listen and believe what is said to them and about them. They may feel helpless,  hopeless hurt non worthy and have negative outcomes, anxiety and depression. These can lead to substance abuse, drinking and lack of motivation, eating disorders and increase risk of suicide. These are main of bullying. Conclusion In conclusion bullying is a nationwide problem and it has major problems that affect another human being. This usually starts as a child and never ends without proper treatment. There is a behavior problem that is not normal to intentially cause harm to another person. there are many factors that influence the bully behavior. The victim as a result has low self-esteem. Depression and anxiety. The dominant and less dominant parties need and is recommended to get counseling to reduce long term constiquences. The improved bullying is done with updated technology and can remain unknown. References Kimble, D. and Colman, M (1995): Biological aspects of behavior, Longman Publishers, available at http://www.le.ac.uk/psychology/amc/ Kuykendrat, S. (2012) Ph D.Bullying Santa Barbra: ABC-clio. Zastrow, C. H.& Kirst-ashmand K.K. (2010) Understanding human behavior and the social environment. (8th ed ) Belmonth, CA brooks/cole http://www.stopbullying.gov/what-is-bullying/rel

Paramagnetism Definition and Examples

Paramagnetism refers to a property of certain materials that are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. When exposed to an external magnetic field, internal induced magnetic fields form in these materials that are ordered in the same direction as the applied field. Once the applied field is removed, the materials lose their magnetism as thermal motion randomizes the electron spin orientations. Materials that display paramagnetism are called paramagnetic. Some compounds and most chemical elements are paramagnetic under certain circumstances. However, true paramagnets display magnetic susceptibility according to the Curie or Curie-Weiss laws and exhibit paramagnetism over a wide temperature range. Examples of paramagnets include the coordination complex myoglobin, transition metal complexes, iron oxide (FeO), and oxygen (O2). Titanium and aluminum are metallic elements that are paramagnetic. Superparamagnets are materials that show a net paramagnetic response, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering at the microscopic level. These materials adhere to the Curie law, yet have very large Curie constants. Ferrofluids are an example of superparamagnets. Solid superparamagnets are also known as mictomagnets. The alloy AuFe (gold-iron) is an example of a mictomagnet. The ferromagnetically coupled clusters in the alloy freeze below a certain temperature. How Paramagnetism Works Paramagnetism results from the presence of least one unpaired electron spin in a materials atoms or molecules. In other words, any material that possesses atoms with incompletely filled atomic orbitals is paramagnetic. The spin of the unpaired electrons gives them a magnetic dipole moment. Basically, each unpaired electron acts as a tiny magnet within the material. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin of the electrons aligns with the field. Because all the unpaired electrons align the same way, the material is attracted to the field. When the external field is removed, the spins return to their randomized orientations. The magnetization approximately follows Curies law, which states that the magnetic susceptibility χ is inversely proportional to temperature: M χH CH/T where M is magnetization, χ is magnetic susceptibility, H is the auxiliary magnetic field, T is the absolute (Kelvin) temperature, and C is the material-specific Curie constant. Types of Magnetism Magnetic materials may be identified as belonging to one of four categories: ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. The strongest form of magnetism is ferromagnetism. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit a magnetic attraction that is strong enough to be felt. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials may remain magnetized over time. Common iron-based magnets and rare earth magnets display ferromagnetism. In contrast to ferromagnetism, the forces of paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism are weak. In antiferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of molecules or atoms align in a pattern in which neighbor electron spins point in opposite directions, but the magnetic ordering vanishes above a certain temperature. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to a magnetic field. Antiferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic above a certain temperature. Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields. All materials are diamagnetic, but a substance isnt usually labeled diamagnetic unless the other forms of magnetism are absent. Bismuth and antimony are examples of diamagnets.